With the continued debate of tillage versus more conservational-minded practices, farmers have traditionally been stuck trying to make decisions between their yield quality and land management practices. But what if it’s possible for farmers to have both? According to a study conducted by Purdue University, this rationale may just be achievable.
The study conducted in West Lafayette shows that corn yields with no-till surpassed the chisel plow yields by 11 bushels, while strip-till yields were better than both chisel plow and no-till when corn followed corn, and about equal to no-till when corn followed soybeans. Strip-till corn yields usually equal those with the fall disk-chisel system, but this year they surpassed the chisel system by 18.5 bushels per acre when corn followed corn.
The 2015 study also highlighted the benefits of rotating corn with soybeans as corn yields averaged 17 percent lower when corn was grown continuously. Though it may be breaking with habit, leaving tillage practices and no-rotation routines behind may just lead to yield-worthy advantages for farmers throughout the Midwest.
“Farmers have a love affair with black soil,” says Tony Vyn, Agronomy Department, Purdue University. “This love affair keeps farmers from investigating conservation tillage methods that may be more beneficial to the soil and crops, and offer a cost savings. There is a perception, and it’s often wrong, that the best way to deal with damaged soil, compaction or rain is deep loosening of the soil and leaving it black.”
Tillage is enticing to farmers, especially after the disappointment that occurred last year in the Eastern Corn Belt. These results however prove that fall tillage is not always the answer.
“These results make it abundantly clear that even 40 years of continuous no-till do not magically result in more available mineral N in soil for corn to use. It is doubtful that farmers can be successful in no-till corn production systems by using lower N rates than they do in conventional tillage systems, and certainly not when corn follows corn or a grass or cereal cover crop,” Vyn explains in his report.
Vyn and his colleagues at Purdue have observed the adaptation and advancements made in strip-tillage technologies during the past 25 years, and they have also witnessed a transformation of the technology as well as acceptance from growers.
“Far and away, the biggest single improvement has been RTK guidance, which allows precise planting in the center of the loosened zone,” Vyn says. “ In early versions of strip-tillage, farmers relied on eyesight to follow the berm. Once RTK came, farmers could precisely plant in the center and could have machines that were narrower, frequently because of costs, than the planter.”
According to Vyn, one of the main reasons farmers adopt strip-tillage is not just for increased warming and drying for earlier planting opportunities or longer planting window, but for nutrient placement.
“We find that in about 60 percent of the cases, nutrient placement is tied to strip-tillage, because doing it at the same time as tillage, they derived an increased benefit from a nutrient band positioned relatively close to the intended growth,” Vyn says.
Tillage practices and cropping programs are as unique and individualized as the farmers running the ground. Like most farm practices, tillage programs are not a one-size-fits-all approach for all soil in every condition.
“Strip-tillers still need to address issues like weed control, varying land contours and extreme weather events,” Vyn explains. “The biggest constraint for strip-till is extreme weather events that limit fall strip-tillage opportunities. Delayed harvest and wet falls are not a good combination for strip-till.”
Vyn’s 25 years of research began in Ontario and continued at Purdue. Over the years, he has seen many advancements and adaptations to strip-till systems and knows firsthand the pros and cons of the systems. Today, he believes the need to address soil health and environmental concerns rises to the top.
“I regard strip-tillage as a system that is only going to become more dominant with time, in part because of the technical developments and the flexibility of new tools, but mostly because of the need to deal with soil erosion. strip-till gives you the environmental advantage you will never get with full-width tillage,” Vyn says.
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